The Jewish or Hebrew Bible (which includes the five books of the Torah and other “Old Testament” books) matters: as world literature, as history and—even though its oldest texts probably date from 1100 B.C.E., for Jews and Christians everywhere—as...

By the time she was 13, Helen R. Friedman already knew she wanted to be a psychologist. "I always observed how relationships work, and also had compassion without judgment," says the native of Rome, N.Y. "When I was a senior in high school, my best subjects...