Eran Levin from the TAU School of Zoology and Steinhardt Museum of Natural History previously observed that male and female bats segregate during the breeding season, with the males taking up residence in cooler areas. The females give birth and raise their pups in warmer locales.

He and his colleagues found similar data in a comprehensive review of international research on the subject.

Then they did a statistical and spatial analysis of the distribution of dozens of bird and bat species in Israel between 1981 and 2018. The study included more than 11,000 individual birds and bats, from Mount Hermon in the north to Eilat in the south.

Their findings, published in the journal Global Ecology and Biogeography, clearly demonstrate that males prefer a lower temperature than females, and that this preference leads to a separation between the sexes at certain times during breeding cycles.

“This difference between the females and males’ heat-sensing mechanisms is similar to the known differences between the pain sensations experienced by the two sexes, and is impacted by differences in the neural mechanisms responsible for the sensation and also by hormonal differences between males and females,” said Levin.

His TAU colleague and co-author Tali Magory Cohen noted that in evolutionary terms, the separation between males and females reduces competition over resources and keeps away males who may be aggressive toward the babies.

Furthermore, she said, many female mammals must protect their offspring before the babies are able to regulate body temperature on their own, so adult females developed a preference for a relatively warm climate.

“We can say that this difference in thermal sensation did not come about so that we could argue with our partners over the air conditioning, but rather the opposite: it is meant to make the couple take some distance from each other so that each individual can enjoy some peace and quiet,” the researchers suggest.